zero threshold drain. Transolid's zero threshold shower base is a perfect solution for those who have trouble stepping over a higher shower threshold or bath or for anyone who enjoys the beauty. zero threshold drain

 
Transolid's zero threshold shower base is a perfect solution for those who have trouble stepping over a higher shower threshold or bath or for anyone who enjoys the beautyzero threshold drain Our threshold drain is a stainless steel linear drain that effectively prevents water from cascading floor to floor during an emergency egress to meet IBC Code 3007

A shower area is defined by a first panel, a second panel and a third panel and has an opening through which a. The threshold’s ingenious level-plane design. Balcony & Threshold. $374. eddie6764. As the channel length decreases, so-called “short-channel effects” become. Featuring a linear stainless steel grate with concealed channel section connecting sill and. Specific conditions will determine what is involved. It’s how they are designed and it’s normal. The sill assembly can optionally include a subsill, which can be a separate from or part of the sill. It won't crack or fade, and has a neutral white hue to go with any bathroom color scheme. 5V and it is perhaps the most variable parameter of a MOS transistor. 5 in. . We. The circuit symbol shown above for a depletion MOS transistor uses a. CMOS inverter (a NOT logic gate). Shower Base With Left-Hand Drain Available Sizes. Winner Red Dot Design Award Germany. 5-in W x 60-in L with Center Drain Single Threshold Rectangle Shower Base (Black) in the Shower Pans department at Lowe's. Transolid's zero threshold shower base is a perfect solution for those who have trouble stepping over a higher shower threshold or bath or for anyone who enjoys the beauty. Find My Store. For indoor installations, we recommend an outlet every 60”. Groove 42-in W x 60-in L with Back Drain Rectangle Shower Base (White) Model # 9996-0. Find My Store. Tiles for zero threshold showers are usually longer and heavier and might be more expensive to install. Encompass Shower Bases are one-piece, curbless bathroom shower floors with an integrated slope and drain body. Zero threshold shower floor creates a virtually flush entry to the shower. The FF and FT. 40-in W x 60-in L with Center Drain Rectangle Shower Base (Made For Tile) Model # 4060CBF-PVC. 4-in W x 60-in L with Center Drain Single Threshold Rectangle Shower Base (White) Model # FZS6040C-31. I DSS (referred to as the drain current for zero bias) is the maximum current that flows through a FET transistor, which is when the gate voltage, V G, supplied to the FET is 0V. Step 3: Prefabricated Modules. Transolid's zero threshold shower base is a perfect solution for those who have trouble stepping over a higher shower threshold or bath or for anyone who enjoys the beauty and simplicity of a flush shower floor. 3. Whether it is a barrier threshold (curb), or barrier free (curbless/zero threshold) installation, Infinity Drain has provided general guidelines below to assist in determiningThe elements of this shower are more expensive than the stuff of a traditional shower. V^½. Save $88. This region is used for switching. More Colors. If these holes become clogged, water may drain out or overflow into the bathroom. Shop this Collection. Our threshold drain is a stainless steel linear drain that effectively prevents water from cascading floor to floor during an emergency egress to meet IBC Code 3007. Perfect for those who may have difficulty stepping over a higher threshold or for aging in place. ( 2). Stormtech’s zero threshold drains were used for the award-winning Guerilla Bay house by Peter Stutchbury Architecture on the South Coast of NSW. 36-in W x 60-in L with Center Drain Rectangle Shower Base (Calacatta White) Model # FLXSBC6036CW. It is an important scaling factor to maintain power efficiency. This is approximately a 2% slope. This removes ‘trip- and. In this case, the leading edge of the threshold sill should be rounded or chamfered to assist the transition for wheelchair users. Then, the concrete is cut for a new waste outlet. Secondly, it protects against wind-driven water, hitting the door and/or entering the building. GS > some threshold voltage V t and current can flow between S & D • Transistor is in inversion mode • When v DS = 0, no current flows between source and drain. 4. As with any Kerdi membrane. Auto Zero. L x 35. FREE delivery. Zero Threshold Drains Customized Drainage Solutions Creative Drain Solutions TM Quality Architectural Drainage Solutions Zero Threshold Drains Creative Month: Name: Month: Weather Graph sunny & clear cloudy Super Teacher Worksheets windy rainy rworksheets. Twelve sizes available, including a neo angle configuration and off-center drain for tub replacements. Visit SpecifyAWS. From a user/shopping perspective what you want to look for is. View Traditional Style Shower Bases. When the gate voltage decreases for N-Channel FETs, or increases for P-Channel FETs, the drain current I D becomes smaller and smaller, until after a certain threshold. wedi shower systems offer reliable, cost-efficient solutions for constructing 100% waterproof and mold-proof showers. x 72 in. 36-in W x 72-in L with Right Drain Rectangle Shower Base (Made For Tile) Model # RT3660R-TT-RB36-KIT. MFR #: KSK9651525SABS. Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – VLSI. 4 x 3. 39 /piece (3) Model# HSB4234. 5 in. A discreet solution for thresholds, the Slot Drain is a thin slot along the extrusion to capture water and drain it to the outlet beneath the removable tile inspection opening. 4 x 91. *Note: Necessary depth for zero threshold applications might vary according to tile thickness and sub-floor. KOHLER 9132-CP Part Round Shower Drain for us with plastic pipe, gasket included, ERROR. 2880Tiled roll-in shower base with a True Base Classic former. 1 and 2, a shower surround 20 that includes a pair of grab bars 25 (a-b) against a back wall 30 of the shower, a grab bar 35 at each end wall 40 of the shower, a floor 45 incorporating a zero threshold drain 50, a knee wall 55 in the back wall 30 of the shower and a pair of shower doors 60 is illustrated. but when installed, the difference against flooring is approx. We therefore conclude that: ii S = D As a result, we refer to the channel current for NMOSIn this region drain current is zero and the transistor acts as an open circuit. . UPC : 608197590863. At the Qpoint, the drain current is I D = 20 mA and the drain-source voltage is V DS = 6 V. Shop Transolid 35. Handicapped accessible shower bases have a zero threshold, so there are no barriers for someone entering the shower. 4 x 91. By integrating drains into the door-track, the threshold drain provides an unbroken path between internal and external. L x 35. A zero threshold shower can be made with either a tile floor or with a durable acrylic pan with a linear drain you see. 8 (cm) 5 ¼” x 34” x 1 3/16’’ 13. SlimLine 36-in W x 42-in L with Center Drain Single Threshold Rectangle Shower Base (Black) Model # DLT-1136420-88. Instructional video on how to achieve a curbless shower for a tiled shower pan on a slab on grade (concrete) foundation. 39. Enhancement-mode MOSFETs. Walk-In Shower Base Sizes. Pull up, raise the grate out of the channel on one end and remove completely to clean all hair and debris. *Note: Necessary depth for zero threshold applications might vary according to tile thickness and sub-floor. Regarding installation and construction, a curbless shower "requires the floor to be sloped from the entry point to the wall opposite the entry, where a linear drain would be utilized. Heelguard is building and offers a wide range of media resources including videos, articles, and case studies. These characteristics basically show how the ‘Id’ changes when Vgs values change. Installing a shower drain without a curb, barrier, or threshold creates a seamless look with easy accessibility to the wet area. In the vertical direction, the gate-. t channel depth is almost zero at the drain side • Current stays flat for higher voltages v DS > v GS-V tStainless Steel Door Sill or Door Track drains are available in a number of standard configurations to suit step down or Zero Threshold applications. Assume that all capacitances are sufficiently large so that they can be assumed to have zero impedance for the A C signal frequency T0 = zero bias threshold voltage, • μ0 = zero bias mobility • Cox = gate oxide capacitance per unit area • γ= linear body effect coefficient (small source voltage) • η= DIBL coefficient 1. *Note: Necessary depth for zero threshold applications might vary according to tile thickness and sub-floor. 7V, I D is nearly zero indicating that the equivalent resistance between the drain and source terminals is extremely high. Projects Group (Commercial Sales/Multi-Unit) For Designers & Architects Portfolio Contact Project Group. 36-in W x 72-in L with Reversible Drain Rectangle Shower Base (White) Model # 15SBR-723631-001. Suitable for door thresholds. The frame is adapted to support the third panel and create the space between the second side wall and the frame. 4-in Shower Base with Zero Threshold and Center Drain FZS6340C-09-M. 4 x 91. Variety of widths available, 75, 100 and 123 (nominal)Shop Transolid 32-in W x 60-in L with Reversible Drain Single Threshold Rectangle Shower Base (White) in the Shower Pans department at Lowe's. A fixed showerhead 63 may also be. For normal operation, V GS is biased to be somewhere between V P and 0. Strategically placed grab bars and a folding shower seat help create the safest, most luxurious shower in the industry. The ``First Order Model'' is a physical model with the drain current equations according to Harold Shichman and David A. Moreover, demolition of the previous shower plus new waterproofing can increase the price another $3,000-$4,000. Transolid 63-in L x 35. To achieve an ideal installation, floor heights should be equal between the shower area (wet area), outside the shower (dry area), and next room. Vellamo 31. 6 LAMBDA Channel-length. Redi Trench 48 in. 1. *Zero Threshold *Drain Chanel DG 3636 36” x 36” x 1 ½’’ 91. TilePrime 34-in W x 60-in L with Left Drain Single Threshold Rectangle Shower Base (White) Model # DTP-1134601. Back to Navigation Business Details. *Note: Necessary depth for zero threshold applications might vary according to tile thickness and sub-floor. Save $ 141. Hodges [. *Zero Threshold *Drain Chanel DG 3636 36” x 36” x 1 ½’’ 91. *Zero Threshold *Drain Chanel DG 3636 36” x 36” x 1 ½’’ 91. 4 x 91. Visit the Woodbridge Store. The only proper way to build a curbless shower is with a sealed system like the Kerdi Shower System. 3 x 86. W Double Threshold Center Drain Shower Base, Flat Surface Shower Pan White, Left Side. The Depletion-mode MOSFET, which is less common than the enhancement mode types is normally switched “ON” (conducting) without the application of a gate bias voltage. Shop Transolid 40-in W x 79-in L with Center Drain Single Threshold Rectangle Shower Base (Black) in the Shower Pans department at Lowe's. Transolid. Hence, MOSFET is known as Voltage Driven Device. The carrier (electron or hole) mobility. For sliding and Hinged doors. In new construction, this is simpler than on a retrofit because it's easier to slope the floor joists toward the drain on new construction," says Saul. 10/10/2005 Applying a Drain Voltage to an NMOS Device 2/10 Jim Stiles The Univ. e. Apr 7, 2014 - IQ Glass offer a flush drainage channel suitable for use with all our flush threshold doors such as our large sliding glass doors, bi-folding doors. A threshold roll-in shower must measure 60" x 30" from the center points of opposing sides and must have a 60" minimum opening from top to bottom. vds is the drain to source voltage, vsb is the source to bulk voltage, = Cox Cox+Cdepletion is the gate e ciency factor, vt = kT q is the thermal voltage, and i0 is a constant that depends on the transistor threshold voltage The icker noise source I2(t) has zero mean and psd SI2(f) = a ic d jfj A2/Hz; where a depends on the physical. SlimLine 36-in W x 54-in L with Right Drain Double Threshold Rectangle Shower Base (Biscuit) Model # DLT-1036542-22. Channel series left end drain shower base C6032ER. 2. This tracks the actual avalanche breakdown voltage. Actual threshold measurement is 1-in, but when installed, the difference against flooring is approx. There is no industry-recognized method to build a shower the traditional way using water-in. AZM In-line Base Zero threshold base with 3 integrated tile flanges & linear drain cover. 0 (cm). Natural stone effect. Model# SCS-WH-6036. Model: SMFZSDT4836C-09. 877. This waterproofing attaches directly to the waterproofing on the walls, the shower floor, and the bathroom floor, making one continuous surface broken only by the drain. All of the components to complete the system, including waterproofing and decoupling membrane, and flooring heating, are available. Triple threshold channel end drain shower base C6032BF. In a VDMOS transistor, Cgd abruptly changes about zero gate-drain voltage(Vgd). With a low-threshold shower, there is only a small raised ledge, offering easy access to your shower space. Perfect for those who may have difficulty stepping over a higher threshold or for aging in place. 48-In X 36-In Shower Base With Adjustable Double Threshold And Center Drain. x 36 in. 0 (cm). Verona Chrome 3-Piece 36-in x 36-in x 73-in Base/Door Neo-angle Corner Shower Kit (No Drain Hole Drain) Model # VG6061CHCL38. V t0 is positive for enhancement-mode n-channel MOSFETs and depletion-mode p-channel MOSFETs. After autoscale selects a session host to be shut down, it puts the session host in drain mode. W Customizable Threshold Alcove Shower Pan Base with Center Drain in White. In code accessible, barrier-free or zero-entry showers it may appear there is no threshold, but in fact, the front is slightly higher. 250mm below the finished deck level to allow for the sub-frame but if you use treated pine framing with, either H4 stumps in concrete, or galvanised stirrups to anchor the framing into the soil. DreamLine. As the drain voltage is decreased, a positive bias on the gate is created relative to the drift region, injecting electrons under the gate. Shop Transolid 32-in W x 60-in L with Reversible Drain Single Threshold Rectangle Shower Base (White) in the Shower Pans department at Lowe's. FlexStone. 4 x 3. The frame is adapted to support the third panel and create the space between the second side wall and the frame. The existing drain is removed. Used in front of elevators, doorways, stairways to receive and drain water with flow rates of 100 GPM. ( 10) Model# SB-AZ009WH. 7-2(b), one can observe that Figure 7-1 The current that flows at V gs<V t is called the subthreshold current. The thickness of the gate oxide layer. The drain source voltage across the MOSFET when conducting full load current is considered negligible compared to VDS voltage across the MOSFET when it is off. The Slot Drain style is used in Zero Threshold drains (shown here), in Versatile outdoor drains or as a cover over preformed concrete drains where paving is used. 48-in W x 60-in L with Center Drain Rectangle Shower Base (Made For Tile) Model # P4860C-PVC. 80V, +0. Archer 48 in. PatentedTechnology. The zero threshold drain is disposed across the opening. for pricing and availability. EverEdge 32-in W x 59. 99 $ 349. L x 40 in. All cells that are not NULL and not zero indicate blocking terrain. Made of numerous layers of Transtone, a. 91. SMC color. Find My Store. A unit for filling an area having a floor, a first side wall, a second side wall and a back wall has a pan, a shower area, a zero threshold drain, a frame, a space created by. This modified drain-current expression is a first-order approximation that is reasonably accurate for FETs with channel length greater than, say, 2 µm. 00 $ 379. This slip resistant, zero threshold shower base features a beautiful slate finish and can be used with single, double or triple threshold installations. Threshold drains, also referred to as a flush threshold drain or a zero threshold drain, generally consist of two key components. 3. W Alcove Zero Threshold Shower Pan Base with Center Drain in Black, Low Profile, Wheel Chair Access $ 387. the built-in linear drain installs in a matter of hours to provide the clog-free. DIMENSIONS: 60-in L x 31. 4 x 3. Example: The depletion MOSFET BSS126 (600 V, 700 Ω, SOT-23) is a. It won't crack or fade, and has a neutral white hue to go with any bathroom color scheme. For this method, portions of the con. 4-in W x 1-in H ZERO THRESHOLD: A virtually flush entry to the shower. When. Add To Cart. This item KOHLER K-9996-0 Groove 60-Inch x 42-Inch Single Threshold Shower Base with rear center drain, White. 1/8-in. May 23, 2021 - Explore Shonna Counter | Disabled Advo's board "ADA threshold", followed by 216 people on Pinterest. More Options Available $ 417. The manufacturer’s zero-threshold shower system consists of prefabricated sloped trays that eliminate the need for a mortar bed and is available with linear or traditional drains. Delta Faucet has a wide variety of one piece shower sizes and models, perfect for your bathroom remodel or upgrade. It is possible but the same will be true for installing on a concrete slab. for pricing and availability. For drain-source voltages less than V DS,SAT, (V DS,SAT =V GS-V t =+1 V), the MOSFET is in its triode region regardless of the lambda value. How to install Stormtech Threshold drains. This system has been designed to work in conjunction with the simplest top hung bi-fold doors to complex and intricate four track sliding doors with fly screens. The narrow profile minimises impact on. 5-in W x 1-in H ZERO THRESHOLD: A virtually flush entry to the shower. Paplinski´ 2–8 July 25, 2002*Zero Threshold *Drain Chanel DG 3636 36” x 36” x 1 ½’’ 91. x 48 in. More Options Available. The Zero Threshold Drain consists of an exterior lineal drain with a custom designed, integrated sub-sil which cradles the sliding or bi-fold door track will then collect and direct. com. Drain Induced Barrier Lowering and Narrow Width Effect p-sub 15 Sub-Threshold Current • NPN BJT is formed in sub-threshold region • Only difference with a real BJT is that the base voltage is controlled through a capacitive divider, and not directly by a electrode • Like in a BJT, current is exponential to V be 16 Sub-Threshold Current. DIMENSIONS: 60-in L x 32-in. Transolid's zero threshold shower base is a perfect solution for those who have trouble stepping over a higher shower threshold or bath or for anyone whoBarrier free, low threshold, and ADA compliant showers with zero threshold, 1', 3', 4', and 6' depth tub shower options that include built-in shelves, one piece units, and three piece units. Redi Base 36 in. Ligno®, Primo®, and Riolito®. The threshold voltage has a negative temperature coefficient, meaning the threshold voltage decreasesThe drain voltage rises to its off state amplitude, Vds(off), while the drain current contin-ues to flow and equals l(on). DreamLine shower bases offers variery of shower bases, shower enclosure bases, shower floors and shower trays. If the gate voltage is nonzero but below the threshold voltage, and the source to drain voltage is zero, what does the inversion. Veritek 34 in. Myshowergrateshop designs and manufactures superb stainless steel shower grates that don't detract from tile patterns and are easily maintained. No conductive channel exists between the source and drain at zero applied gate voltage. Multiple Options Available. You can skip this step to save $1500-$3000 on your budget. 3 x 86. For example, a slope of 1⁄4” to 1⁄2” per foot to the drain is required. 99 $ 209. *Zero Threshold *Drain Chanel DG 3636 36” x 36” x 1 ½’’ 91. Patent Dec. L x 36 in. A fixed showerhead 63 may also be. WOODBRIDGE 48-in L x 32-in W Zero Threshold End Drain Shower Base with Reversable Drain Placement, Matching Decorative Drain Plate and Tile Flange, Wheel Chair Access, Low Profile, Black. 2016 - Découvrez le tableau &quot;Zit&quot; de Kiem Nguyen sur Pinterest. for pricing and availability. 50V, +0. Fw 47. Simplify your process. This slip resistant, zero threshold. wall 40 of the shower, a floor 45 incorporating a zero threshold drain 50, a knee wall 55 in the back wall 30 of the shower and a pair of shower doors 60 is illustrated. 1 The particulars of any drain installation depend on a number of variables: site conditions, waterproofing, and type of install. From the equivalent circuit in Fig. 4 x 3. 4 x 3. Perfect for those who may have difficulty stepping over a. Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS, pronounced "sea-moss", / s iː m ɑː s /, /-ɒ s /) is a type of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) fabrication process that uses complementary and symmetrical pairs of p-type and n-type MOSFETs for logic functions. L x 35. holes). 4 x 3. 0 (cm). 5 4. Save 53%. 32. 6. 3b). $52412. It tells how many milliamps of drain current will flow at the threshold voltage, so the device is basically off but on the verge of turning on. However, some installations may be dished channels , built-in-situ shallow channels or even just an open infiltration drain . It is also measured under conditions th at do not occur in real-world a pplications. 25-in W x 47. Profile finish shows the aluminium bottom. These zero clearance shower base designs are growing rapidly in the remodeling market -even though few new home builders (even construction companies who build in 55+ lifestyle communities) incorporate them in new home designs. 1/8-in. 4 x 3. Zero Threshold 60 in. The latter will allow for a wide range of motion. ), the latter being multiplied by the number of squares NRD and NRS input on the device line. Drain−to−Source Breakdown Voltage Temperature Coefficient V(BR)DSS/TJ I D = 250 A 6. Linear 30-in W x 60-in L with Left Drain Single Threshold Rectangle Shower Base (Cameo) Model # FLU6030L-32. When the FET’s gate-to-source voltage (V GS ) exceeds the threshold voltage (V TH ), it is in the “on state,” and the drain and source are connected by a channel. 4. By shorting gate and drain, they share the same potential. This is called the body effect, or back gate effect. ) The zero clearance shower drain is installed on top of a shower pan liner. Zero Threshold. Yeti Zero threshold drains allow you to create a seemless indoor-outdoor space with no step down. Once all the user sessions have been signed out, autoscale deallocates the VM. Threshold sills should have a slope between a maximum of 15° and a minimum of 7° to discourage water ingress and facilitate run-off. 13. Australia's most trusted source for Building Specifiers. 5-in W x 1-in H ZERO THRESHOLD: A virtually flush entry to the shower. 012. ACO’s range of products. The threshold — including the door frame — should not be more than 15 mm in height overall. for pricing and availability. A unit for filling an area having a floor, a first side wall, a second side wall and a back wall has a pan, a shower area, a zero threshold drain, a frame, a space created by. Wind is driven against the glass and down into the door track through the top located weep holes and forward out of the weep holes located at the front of the door or window track and collected in the Zero Threshold. 4 x 3. Color: Black. Summary of normal conduction characteristics: Cut-off: accumulation, I ds is essentially zero. Kerdi-Shower-T/-TS/-TT 48-in W x 48-in L with Center Drain Square Shower Base (Orange) 40-in W x 79-in L with Center Drain Single Threshold Rectangle Shower Base (Grey) For your bathroom renovation, a shower base or shower pan is an essential component of your shower's drainage system. More Options Available $ 289. x 50 ft. 8 (cm) 5 ¼” x 34” x 1 3/16’’ 13. For threshold installs, we recommend the drain run exactly wall-to-wall to block any water from leaving the shower or wet area. LOCAL PICK UP Promotion SAVE MORE. Grates feaure cut out for subsill integration. Transolid's zero threshold shower base is a perfect solution for those who have trouble stepping over a higher shower threshold or bath or for anyone who enjoys. Method B415) requires a 1-1/4” to 2” mortar bed. When combined with a thin set mortar installation, this creates a flex-free, water-tight installation and a foundation that you can count on. Toggle Mobile Menu A transparent image of the Laurel Mountain logo. Zero-clearance entry showers or curbless showers were chosen by 67 percent of respondents. After autoscale deallocates the VM, it sets the AllowNewSessions setting to true, which turns off drain mode. 2. 1. Infinity Drain products are intended for both indoor and outdoor use. White. Type: Grant Filed: May 4, 2010 Date of Patent: December 27, 2016. 06-sep-2021 - Explora el tablero &quot;drenaje terraza@&quot; de claudio, que 818 personas siguen en Pinterest. Whether it is a barrier threshold (curb), or barrier free (curbless/zero threshold) installation, Infinity Drain has provided general guidelines below to assist in determining The elements of this shower are more expensive than the stuff of a traditional shower. These specialty products intercept and collect surface water typically at thresholds, balconies, green roofs, building facades and other outdoor areas, whilst complying with other construction and user requirements. Aquatique 60"x32" Shower Base With Left Hand Drain, White by Swiss Madison (21) $1,118. 99 (25 %) (16) ANZZI. 5-in W x 1-in H ZERO THRESHOLD: A virtually flush entry to the shower. W Customizable Threshold Alcove Shower Pan Base with Reversible Drain in Black. au. Light weight. The threshold voltage, commonly abbreviated as V th or V GS (th), of a field-effect transistor (FET) is the minimum gate-to-source voltage (V GS) that is needed to create a conducting path between the source and drain terminals. Transolid's zero threshold shower base is a perfect solution for those who have trouble stepping over a higher shower threshold or bath or for anyone who enjoys the beauty and simplicity of a flush shower floor. The 100TiTDi is a Threshold Drain for door track with sub sill tray featuring our 100mm wide Tile Insert. Multiple Options Available. Voltaire 36 in. drainage is a ‘zero stepdown’ drainage solution for both indoor48-in W x 48-in L with Left Drain Square Shower Base (Made For Tile) Model # WF4848L-PVC. A debris shield over the drain can help keep the pipes clean, so everything is designed to be easy. Find My Store. Shop for Shower Bases at Ferguson. ohmic contacts – the source and the drain – where the number of charge carriers in the channel is controlled by a third contact – the gate. Plumber coming on Monday. 7 Alternative Solutions to Ugly Shower Pans. It also eliminates the need for a lip or curb around the perimeter of the shower, providing a sleek and modern look. No surface channel; diffusion flux from source to drain when v DS > 0 For any v GB. Promotion. Zero Threshold Drains.